Find a vulnerability

{
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        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bouncy-castle-java/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "mls"
          ],
          "packageName": "bcmls",
          "packageURL": "pkg:maven/org.bouncycastle/bcmls-jdk18on",
          "platforms": [
            "all"
          ],
          "product": "BC-JAVA",
          "programFiles": [
            "Group"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.86",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.73",
              "versionType": "maven"
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Yu Bao from the PayPal Cyber Security Team"
        }
      ],
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, validation of an MLS (RFC 9420) external commit\u0027s proposal list, org.bouncycastle.mls.protocol.Group.validateExternalCachedProposals, counted the proposals by type and bounded the removed leaf index but never established that the removed leaf had anything to do with the joiner. RFC 9420 sec. 12.2 permits at most one Remove proposal in an external commit, with which the joiner removes an old version of themselves, and requires that where one is present the LeafNode in the commit\u0027s path field meet the criteria it would have to meet in an Update for the removed leaf, in particular that its credential present identifiers acceptable for the removed participant. The ordinary proposal-list validator\u0027s self-remove rule is deliberately not applied on this path, because a resync commit legitimately removes a leaf the joiner owns, but nothing was put in its place. Any party holding the group\u0027s public GroupInfo, which is precisely what an external joiner is meant to be given, could therefore commit a Remove naming any member\u0027s LeafIndex and have every member apply it, evicting that member and taking over their slot in the ratchet tree. The credential check that should have prevented this existed only in the gRPC interop harness and so protected no other caller of the public Group.externalJoin and Group.handle API. An external commit carrying a Remove is now accepted only when the removed leaf\u0027s credential is identical to the one in the joiner\u0027s own new leaf, on both the sending and the receiving side.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, validation of an MLS (RFC 9420) external commit\u0027s proposal list, org.bouncycastle.mls.protocol.Group.validateExternalCachedProposals, counted the proposals by type and bounded the removed leaf index but never established that the removed leaf had anything to do with the joiner. RFC 9420 sec. 12.2 permits at most one Remove proposal in an external commit, with which the joiner removes an old version of themselves, and requires that where one is present the LeafNode in the commit\u0027s path field meet the criteria it would have to meet in an Update for the removed leaf, in particular that its credential present identifiers acceptable for the removed participant. The ordinary proposal-list validator\u0027s self-remove rule is deliberately not applied on this path, because a resync commit legitimately removes a leaf the joiner owns, but nothing was put in its place. Any party holding the group\u0027s public GroupInfo, which is precisely what an external joiner is meant to be given, could therefore commit a Remove naming any member\u0027s LeafIndex and have every member apply it, evicting that member and taking over their slot in the ratchet tree. The credential check that should have prevented this existed only in the gRPC interop harness and so protected no other caller of the public Group.externalJoin and Group.handle API. An external commit carrying a Remove is now accepted only when the removed leaf\u0027s credential is identical to the one in the joiner\u0027s own new leaf, on both the sending and the receiving side."
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            "baseScore": 8.7,
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            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-863",
              "description": "CWE-863 Incorrect Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
      ],
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        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "MLS external commit can remove an arbitrary group member",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-71890",
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        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bouncy-castle-java/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "core"
          ],
          "packageName": "bcprov",
          "packageURL": "pkg:maven/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk18on",
          "platforms": [
            "all"
          ],
          "product": "BC-JAVA",
          "programFiles": [
            "BLS12_381BasicScheme",
            "BLS12_381G1"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.85",
              "versionType": "maven"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Bhargava Shastry"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, BLS12_381BasicScheme.keyValidate, and so BLSPublicKeyParameters and every BasicScheme, MessageAugmentation and ProofOfPossession verify and aggregateVerify that gate on it, accepted a public key built on a foreign ECCurve that merely shares BLS12-381\u0027s field characteristic. The prime-order subgroup check trusts a point\u0027s own curve to name its cofactor, since ECPoint.satisfiesOrder returns true outright when the curve\u0027s cofactor is one, so a point on a curve with a different equation and a cofactor forged to one passed keyValidate despite not being a G1 point at all. In BC\u0027s pairing implementation such a point contributes the identity in the target group, so an aggregate signature verified against a set of public keys including it is accepted even though it contains no signature for that key and message pair, admitting a phantom signer. keyValidate now first confirms that the point\u0027s curve carries exactly the canonical G1 field, equation, order and cofactor before any subgroup check. The issue is reachable only where an application constructs an ECPoint on an explicit, non-canonical curve and accepts it as an authority-bearing key; the standard 48-byte compressed-point decoder always supplies the canonical curve and was never affected.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, BLS12_381BasicScheme.keyValidate, and so BLSPublicKeyParameters and every BasicScheme, MessageAugmentation and ProofOfPossession verify and aggregateVerify that gate on it, accepted a public key built on a foreign ECCurve that merely shares BLS12-381\u0027s field characteristic. The prime-order subgroup check trusts a point\u0027s own curve to name its cofactor, since ECPoint.satisfiesOrder returns true outright when the curve\u0027s cofactor is one, so a point on a curve with a different equation and a cofactor forged to one passed keyValidate despite not being a G1 point at all. In BC\u0027s pairing implementation such a point contributes the identity in the target group, so an aggregate signature verified against a set of public keys including it is accepted even though it contains no signature for that key and message pair, admitting a phantom signer. keyValidate now first confirms that the point\u0027s curve carries exactly the canonical G1 field, equation, order and cofactor before any subgroup check. The issue is reachable only where an application constructs an ECPoint on an explicit, non-canonical curve and accepts it as an authority-bearing key; the standard 48-byte compressed-point decoder always supplies the canonical curve and was never affected."
        }
      ],
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            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
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            "providerUrgency": "AMBER",
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            "userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
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              "value": "GENERAL"
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      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-347",
              "description": "CWE-347 Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
        }
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          "url": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java/commit/c16bcfdce1f96230261b7c2c8c1e044bfc9d1deb"
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      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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      "title": "BLS12-381 key validation accepts a public key built on a foreign curve",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-71891",
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      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bouncy-castle-java/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "modules": [
            "core"
          ],
          "packageName": "bcprov",
          "packageURL": "pkg:maven/org.bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk18on",
          "platforms": [
            "all"
          ],
          "product": "BC-JAVA",
          "programFiles": [
            "GF",
            "HQCEngine",
            "ReedSolomon",
            "FastFourierTransform"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.73",
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      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "The Robusta team: Deepak Bhargavan Pillai, Anirban Chakraborty, Chitchanok Chuengsatiansup, Matthew Roughan, Peter Schwabe, and Yuval Yarom"
        }
      ],
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, HQC leaked secret-derived data through two side channels: its GF(2^8) arithmetic used lookup tables indexed by field elements, making the cache line touched a function of the operand, and its fixed-weight support sampler left its duplicate scan as soon as a collision was found and stored accepted positions at a secret index. Both run on secret inputs during encapsulation and decapsulation, and the sampler re-expands the secret key from its seed on every decapsulation, so an attacker able to observe cache behaviour or decapsulation timing can recover information about the HQC private key. The field arithmetic is now table-free and the sampler branch-free within a batch of candidates, with output and randomness consumption unchanged.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, HQC leaked secret-derived data through two side channels: its GF(2^8) arithmetic used lookup tables indexed by field elements, making the cache line touched a function of the operand, and its fixed-weight support sampler left its duplicate scan as soon as a collision was found and stored accepted positions at a secret index. Both run on secret inputs during encapsulation and decapsulation, and the sampler re-expands the secret key from its seed on every decapsulation, so an attacker able to observe cache behaviour or decapsulation timing can recover information about the HQC private key. The field arithmetic is now table-free and the sampler branch-free within a batch of candidates, with output and randomness consumption unchanged."
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          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
            "baseScore": 5.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "providerUrgency": "AMBER",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
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              "lang": "en",
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-208",
              "description": "CWE-208 Observable Timing Discrepancy",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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          ]
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        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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      "title": "HQC leaks private key information through secret-indexed GF(2^8) tables and a secret-dependent fixed-weight sampler",
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          "collectionURL": "https://www.bouncycastle.org/download/bouncy-castle-java/",
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          "modules": [
            "mls"
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          "packageName": "bcmls",
          "packageURL": "pkg:maven/org.bouncycastle/bcmls-jdk18on",
          "platforms": [
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          "product": "BC-JAVA",
          "programFiles": [
            "LeafNode"
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          "repo": "https://github.com/bcgit/bc-java",
          "vendor": "Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "1.86",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "maven"
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      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Joshua Rogers and Khaled Suliman of AISLE Research"
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      ],
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          "lang": "en",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the Messaging Layer Security (MLS, RFC 9420) implementation did not bind an X.509 credential to a LeafNode\u0027s signature_key. LeafNode.verify() checked a leaf\u0027s signature against the signature_key carried in the leaf itself, while the credential\u0027s X.509 certificate chain was stored but never parsed or validated, so the end-entity certificate\u0027s public key was never required to match signature_key as RFC 9420 sec. 5.3 requires. A party could therefore present another party\u0027s certificate as its credential while signing the leaf, and the enclosing KeyPackage, with an unrelated key, and be accepted under that other party\u0027s identity through KeyPackage.verify() and the Group leaf-validation path. In a deployment that admits external commits without an independent credential-admission check, an unauthenticated attacker could be admitted under a victim\u0027s X.509 identity, evict the victim (resynchronization compares whole credentials rather than signing keys), derive the current epoch, decrypt subsequent group messages, and send messages accepted as the victim. TreeKEM.LeafNode now requires the end-entity certificate\u0027s subject public key, in the cipher suite\u0027s signature encoding, to equal signature_key for an X.509 credential and rejects the leaf otherwise, including an empty chain or a certificate whose key type does not match the cipher suite; certificate-chain and identity validation to a trust anchor remain the application\u0027s responsibility per RFC 9420 sec. 5.3.1. Deployments using only basic credentials are unaffected.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the Messaging Layer Security (MLS, RFC 9420) implementation did not bind an X.509 credential to a LeafNode\u0027s signature_key. LeafNode.verify() checked a leaf\u0027s signature against the signature_key carried in the leaf itself, while the credential\u0027s X.509 certificate chain was stored but never parsed or validated, so the end-entity certificate\u0027s public key was never required to match signature_key as RFC 9420 sec. 5.3 requires. A party could therefore present another party\u0027s certificate as its credential while signing the leaf, and the enclosing KeyPackage, with an unrelated key, and be accepted under that other party\u0027s identity through KeyPackage.verify() and the Group leaf-validation path. In a deployment that admits external commits without an independent credential-admission check, an unauthenticated attacker could be admitted under a victim\u0027s X.509 identity, evict the victim (resynchronization compares whole credentials rather than signing keys), derive the current epoch, decrypt subsequent group messages, and send messages accepted as the victim. TreeKEM.LeafNode now requires the end-entity certificate\u0027s subject public key, in the cipher suite\u0027s signature encoding, to equal signature_key for an X.509 credential and rejects the leaf otherwise, including an empty chain or a certificate whose key type does not match the cipher suite; certificate-chain and identity validation to a trust anchor remain the application\u0027s responsibility per RFC 9420 sec. 5.3.1. Deployments using only basic credentials are unaffected."
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            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
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            "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
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            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
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      "problemTypes": [
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          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-295",
              "description": "CWE-295 Improper Certificate Validation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "CWE-287 Improper Authentication",
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              "type": "CWE"
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        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
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      "title": "MLS X.509 credential not bound to the LeafNode signature key",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the high-level OpenPGP certificate API accepted a third-party certification or trust delegation from any component key of the issuing certificate, without requiring that component to have been granted the authority to certify. OpenPGPCertificate.getCertificationBy() and getDelegationBy() resolve a third-party signature by matching its issuer key identifier against every key of the third-party certificate, then verify the issuing component\u0027s binding chain and the signature itself; nothing checked that the issuing component carried the RFC 9580 sec. 5.2.3.29 certification key flag (CERTIFY_OTHER) when the signature was created. A subkey bound only with SIGN_DATA - the online signing subkey of exactly the offline-primary arrangement those key flags exist to express - could therefore issue a positive User ID certification over an attacker-controlled identity, or a full-trust depth-one direct-key delegation of introducer trust, and the API returned it as a valid signature chain attributed to the third-party certificate. An application treating getCertificationBy(...).isValid() or getDelegationBy(...) as an identity or trusted-introducer decision would attribute the attacker\u0027s assertion to the offline primary key. The same held for a legacy RSA subkey bound only for encryption, whose algorithm is nonetheless able to sign. This does not forge the primary key\u0027s signature or recover any private key; it promotes an already-compromised restricted subkey to the primary key\u0027s identity-issuing authority, defeating the containment the key-flag separation provides. A third-party certification or delegation is now attributed to the issuing certificate only when the component key that made it is the primary key, or is a subkey holding CERTIFY_OTHER when the signature was created, so certification-capable subkeys continue to be accepted; primary keys are accepted whatever their key flags say, since a primary key is certification-capable by construction and certificates carrying no key flags subpacket at all are common. Third-party revocations are deliberately outside the rule, since declining to honour one would keep trust alive rather than withdraw it.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, neither copy of PKIXCertPathReviewer - org.bouncycastle.pkix.jcajce.PKIXCertPathReviewer nor the legacy org.bouncycastle.x509.PKIXCertPathReviewer - applied X.509 name constraints to the end-entity certificate. checkNameConstraints walked the path with a loop bound of index greater than zero, which is the bound the CA-only steps require, but index zero is the target certificate under the standard CertPath ordering, so the permitted and excluded subtree checks of RFC 5280 sec. 6.1.3 (b) and (c) never ran against the leaf\u0027s subject DN or its subjectAltName. A chain whose leaf violated a NameConstraints extension imposed by its own issuing CA therefore reported isValidCertPath() true with an empty error list, while CertPathValidator.getInstance(\"PKIX\", \"BC\"), which shares no code with the reviewer, rejected the identical chain against the identical trust anchor. An application using the reviewer to make the trust decision rather than for diagnostics alongside a real validation accepted a certificate the constrained CA was never authorised to issue. Both copies now check every certificate in the path including the target, waive the sec. 4.2.1.10 self-issued exemption for the final certificate as sec. 6.1.3 requires, and skip the sec. 6.1.4 (g) constraint-accumulation step for the target. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java LTS before 2.73.13, which carries only the org.bouncycastle.pkix.jcajce copy of the reviewer. It also affects Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 1.0.13 (1.0.X series), 2.0.13 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.13 (2.1.X series).\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIn Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the opt-in key-size validation on CMS key-transport recipients, org.bouncycastle.cms.jcajce.JceKeyTransRecipient.setKeySizeValidation(true), never ran for a message using RFC 9709 content-encryption key derivation (id-alg-cek-hkdf-sha256). The branch that should have selected the actual content-encryption algorithm carried in the key derivation AlgorithmIdentifier\u0027s parameters compared the encrypted-key byte array against the id-alg-cek-hkdf-sha256 object identifier, a comparison between a byte array and an ASN1ObjectIdentifier that is false for every possible input, so the check fell through to a key-size lookup on the outer wrapper OID. That OID identifies a key-derivation construction rather than a cipher and has no registered key size, so the size comparison was skipped entirely. A key-transport EnvelopedData or AuthEnvelopedData whose transported, HKDF-derived content-encryption key did not match the key size of the advertised content-encryption algorithm was therefore accepted even with validation explicitly enabled, silently defeating the only mechanism the API offers for enforcing recovered key size. The recipient now dispatches on the content-encryption AlgorithmIdentifier\u0027s algorithm OID, so validation checks the recovered key against the inner content-encryption algorithm. Messages with a matching key size, non-HKDF messages, and recipients that do not enable validation are unaffected. This issue also affects Bouncy Castle for Java FIPS (BC-FJA) before bcpkix-fips 2.0.13 (2.0.X series) and 2.1.13 (2.1.X series).\u003c/p\u003e"
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    "dateReserved": "2026-07-16T23:48:46.076Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T19:07:59.005Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}