CVE-2025-32057 (GCVE-0-2025-32057)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 15:22 – Updated: 2026-01-22 15:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Misconfigured SSL/TLS communication of Redbend service for Infotainment ECU
Summary
The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 – 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate.
First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 15:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/le… | product |
| http://i.blackhat.com/Asia-25/Asia-25-Evdokimov-R… | media-coverage |
| https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/v… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bosch | Infotainment system ECU |
Affected:
283C30861E
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32057",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-22T15:42:55.389269Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:43:11.681Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux"
],
"product": "Infotainment system ECU",
"vendor": "Bosch",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "283C30861E"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Radu Motspan (PCA Cyber Security Assessment Team)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 \u2013 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\nFirst identified on \u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003eNissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 \u2013 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate.\n\n\n\nFirst identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-115",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-115 Authentication Bypass"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:22:21.626Z",
"orgId": "c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba",
"shortName": "ASRG"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/leaf.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"media-coverage"
],
"url": "http://i.blackhat.com/Asia-25/Asia-25-Evdokimov-Remote-Exploitation-of-Nissan-Leaf.pdf"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/vulnerabilities-in-nissan-infotainment-manufactured-by-bosch"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Misconfigured SSL/TLS communication of Redbend service for Infotainment ECU",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba",
"assignerShortName": "ASRG",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-32057",
"datePublished": "2026-01-22T15:22:21.626Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-03T15:32:43.281Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:43:11.681Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-32057",
"date": "2026-10-03",
"epss": "0.00289",
"percentile": "0.19487"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32057",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-01-22T15:42:55.389269Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:43:03.410Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Linux"
],
"product": "Infotainment system ECU",
"vendor": "Bosch",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "283C30861E"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Radu Motspan (PCA Cyber Security Assessment Team)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 \u2013 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\nFirst identified on \u003cspan style=\"background-color: var(--wht);\"\u003eNissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "The Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch which is installed in Nissan Leaf ZE1 \u2013 2020 uses a Redbend service for over-the-air provisioning and updates. HTTPS is used for communication with the back-end server. Due to usage of the default configuration for the underlying SSL engine, the server root certificate is not verified. As a result, an attacker may be able to impersonate a Redbend backend server using a self-signed certificate.\n\n\n\nFirst identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-115",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-115 Authentication Bypass"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-295",
"description": "CWE-295: Improper Certificate Validation",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:22:21.626Z",
"orgId": "c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba",
"shortName": "ASRG"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/leaf.html"
},
{
"tags": [
"media-coverage"
],
"url": "http://i.blackhat.com/Asia-25/Asia-25-Evdokimov-Remote-Exploitation-of-Nissan-Leaf.pdf"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/vulnerabilities-in-nissan-infotainment-manufactured-by-bosch"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Misconfigured SSL/TLS communication of Redbend service for Infotainment ECU",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "c15abc07-96a9-4d11-a503-5d621bfe42ba",
"assignerShortName": "ASRG",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-32057",
"datePublished": "2026-01-22T15:22:21.626Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-03T15:32:43.281Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-22T15:43:11.681Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…