{
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a vulnerability in its one-time password (OTP) authentication flow that allows replay of a consumed HOTP (paper) token and rewinding of the token counter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe HOTP verification logic compared the submitted token against a counter value that was cached in the user\u0027s session at the time the password was entered, rather than against the authoritative counter stored in the database. Because the session-cached counter is not updated after a token is successfully consumed, an attacker who holds a valid session (password already submitted) can reuse a previously burned HOTP token. The stale cached counter still matches the replayed token, granting a second successful authentication and effectively rewinding the counter state.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target user has HOTP (paper token) second-factor authentication enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker possesses a valid session in which the password step has already been completed (the OTP step is pending).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker has access to at least one HOTP token value (e.g., a paper token list).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Bypass of the second authentication factor, allowing unauthorized access to a user\u0027s MISP account.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Corruption of the HOTP counter state, potentially invalidating subsequent legitimate tokens or enabling further replays.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe fix replaces the session-cached HOTP counter lookup with a direct read of the authoritative counter from the database, performed under a Redis-based distributed lock scoped to the user. The token is verified against the current stored counter, the counter is incremented and persisted atomically within the locked section, and the lock is released in a finally block. Additionally, the cached OTP user session entry is deleted immediately after a successful login (for both TOTP and HOTP paths), preventing the stale session state from being reused.\u003c/p\u003e"
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        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP HOTP Token Replay via Stale Session-Cached Counter Allows Second-Factor Authentication Bypass",
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                  "The CAPEC-111 mapping is the closest available pattern; the vulnerability is specifically a stale-session-cache replay rather than a classic TOCTOU race, and no more precise CAPEC exists in the catalog.",
                  "CVSS PR:L assumes the attacker already has a valid authenticated session (password step completed); if the threat model requires unauthenticated access, PR would be None but AC would remain High.",
                  "The Redis lock is assumed to be available in the deployment; if Redis is not configured, the locking mechanism may be bypassed, though this is a deployment concern not reflected in the patch.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant; it is recorded as a tool credit rather than a human remediation developer."
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                    "rationale": "The vulnerability is exploited by exploiting the time window between the session-cached counter being set (at password entry) and the token being consumed, allowing a replayed token to be validated against the stale value. CAPEC-111 (Race Condition) is the closest available CAPEC pattern; the attack is not a classic TOCTOU on a file or memory location but rather a stale-cache race on a shared counter, which falls under the broader race-condition category. No more specific CAPEC for session-cached credential state replay exists in the CAPEC catalog, so this is the best available match."
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                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
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                "patchSummary": "In UsersController::otp(), the inline HOTP verification block (which used the session-cached $user[\u0027hotp_counter\u0027]) is replaced with a call to a new private method __consumeHotp(). This method acquires a Redis SETNX lock (misp:otp:hotp_lock:{userId}, 10 s TTL), re-fetches the user\u0027s totp secret and hotp_counter from the database, verifies the submitted OTP against the stored counter, increments and saves the counter, and releases the lock in a finally block. The otp_user session key is now deleted after both TOTP and HOTP successful login paths. Net change: +36 / -5 lines in app/Controller/UsersController.php.",
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                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/f34aee2c7.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Burn paper OTP tokens against the stored"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a vulnerability in its two-factor authentication (TOTP) verification process that permits a valid one-time code to be accepted more than once within its time-based validity window.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe issue exists in the user login flow where a TOTP code is verified as a second authentication factor. Because the system did not record whether a given TOTP period had already been consumed, the same code remained valid for its entire time window (typically 30 seconds). An attacker who captures a legitimate code during a user\u0027s login could replay it to authenticate a second session as that user.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target user has TOTP-based two-factor authentication enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker is in a position to observe or intercept the TOTP code during a legitimate login (e.g., network-level interception, shoulder surfing, or a compromised client).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The replay must occur within the TOTP validity period.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Unauthorized account access by replaying a captured one-time code.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential compromise of threat-intelligence data and administrative functions accessible to the targeted user.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;v2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
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          "value": "MISP contains a vulnerability in its two-factor authentication (TOTP) verification process that permits a valid one-time code to be accepted more than once within its time-based validity window.\n\nThe issue exists in the user login flow where a TOTP code is verified as a second authentication factor. Because the system did not record whether a given TOTP period had already been consumed, the same code remained valid for its entire time window (typically 30 seconds). An attacker who captures a legitimate code during a user\u0027s login could replay it to authenticate a second session as that user.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target user has TOTP-based two-factor authentication enabled.\n\n- The attacker is in a position to observe or intercept the TOTP code during a legitimate login (e.g., network-level interception, shoulder surfing, or a compromised client).\n\n- The replay must occur within the TOTP validity period.\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Unauthorized account access by replaying a captured one-time code.\n\n- Potential compromise of threat-intelligence data and administrative functions accessible to the targeted user.\n\nAffected versions: \u003cv2.5.48."
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