CVE-2026-1525 (GCVE-0-2026-1525)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-12 19:56 – Updated: 2026-03-12 20:46
VLAI
Title
undici is vulnerable to Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
Undici allows duplicate HTTP Content-Length headers when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g., Content-Length and content-length). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflicting Content-Length values on the wire. Who is impacted: * Applications using undici.request(), undici.Client, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arrays * Applications that accept user-controlled header names without case-normalization Potential consequences: * Denial of Service: Strict HTTP parsers (proxies, servers) will reject requests with duplicate Content-Length headers (400 Bad Request) * HTTP Request Smuggling: In deployments where an intermediary and backend interpret duplicate headers inconsistently (e.g., one uses the first value, the other uses the last), this can enable request smuggling attacks leading to ACL bypass, cache poisoning, or credential hijacking
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-12 20:44 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests ('HTTP Request/Response smuggling')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
undici undici Affected: < 6.24.0; 7.0.0 < 7.24.0
Unaffected: 6.24.0: 7.24.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-1525",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-03-12T20:44:24.555703Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:46:13.379Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "undici",
          "product": "undici",
          "repo": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/",
          "vendor": "undici",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6.24.0; 7.0.0 \u003c 7.24.0"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.24.0: 7.24.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Matteo Collina"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Ulises Gasc\u00f3n"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eUndici allows duplicate HTTP\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g.,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003econtent-length\u003c/code\u003e). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflicting\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;values on the wire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho is impacted:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eApplications using\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eundici.request()\u003c/code\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eundici.Client\u003c/code\u003e, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arrays\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eApplications that accept user-controlled header names without case-normalization\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential consequences:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDenial of Service\u003c/strong\u003e: Strict HTTP parsers (proxies, servers) will reject requests with duplicate\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers (400 Bad Request)\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHTTP Request Smuggling\u003c/strong\u003e: In deployments where an intermediary and backend interpret duplicate headers inconsistently (e.g., one uses the first value, the other uses the last), this can enable request smuggling attacks leading to ACL bypass, cache poisoning, or credential hijacking\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "Undici allows duplicate HTTP\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g.,\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0and\u00a0content-length). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflicting\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0values on the wire.\n\nWho is impacted:\n\n  *  Applications using\u00a0undici.request(),\u00a0undici.Client, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arrays\n  *  Applications that accept user-controlled header names without case-normalization\n\n\nPotential consequences:\n\n  *  Denial of Service: Strict HTTP parsers (proxies, servers) will reject requests with duplicate\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers (400 Bad Request)\n  *  HTTP Request Smuggling: In deployments where an intermediary and backend interpret duplicate headers inconsistently (e.g., one uses the first value, the other uses the last), this can enable request smuggling attacks leading to ACL bypass, cache poisoning, or credential hijacking"
        }
      ],
      "impacts": [
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-33",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-33 HTTP Request Smuggling"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "capecId": "CAPEC-273",
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-273 HTTP Response Smuggling"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "GENERAL"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-444",
              "description": "CWE-444 Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response smuggling\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T19:56:55.092Z",
        "orgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
        "shortName": "openjs"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-2mjp-6q6p-2qxm"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-8.6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/444.html"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3556037"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-2mjp-6q6p-2qxm",
        "discovery": "INTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "undici is vulnerable to Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003cp\u003eIf upgrading is not immediately possible:\u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eValidate header names\u003c/strong\u003e: Ensure no duplicate\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers (case-insensitive) are present before passing headers to undici\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse object format\u003c/strong\u003e: Pass headers as a plain object (\u003ccode\u003e{ \u0027content-length\u0027: \u0027123\u0027 }\u003c/code\u003e) rather than an array, which naturally deduplicates by key\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanitize user input\u003c/strong\u003e: If headers originate from user input, normalize header names to lowercase and reject duplicates\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "If upgrading is not immediately possible:\n\n  *  Validate header names: Ensure no duplicate\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers (case-insensitive) are present before passing headers to undici\n  *  Use object format: Pass headers as a plain object ({ \u0027content-length\u0027: \u0027123\u0027 }) rather than an array, which naturally deduplicates by key\n  *  Sanitize user input: If headers originate from user input, normalize header names to lowercase and reject duplicates"
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
    "assignerShortName": "openjs",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-1525",
    "datePublished": "2026-03-12T19:56:55.092Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-01-28T12:04:51.369Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:46:13.379Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-1525",
      "date": "2026-10-03",
      "epss": "0.00493",
      "percentile": "0.40181"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2026-1525",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "poc"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "partial"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2026-03-12T20:44:24.555703Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:44:25.316Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "collectionURL": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/",
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "packageName": "undici",
              "product": "undici",
              "repo": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/",
              "vendor": "undici",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "\u003c 6.24.0; 7.0.0 \u003c 7.24.0"
                },
                {
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.24.0: 7.24.0"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "credits": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "remediation developer",
              "value": "Matteo Collina"
            },
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "remediation developer",
              "value": "Ulises Gasc\u00f3n"
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eUndici allows duplicate HTTP\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g.,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003econtent-length\u003c/code\u003e). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflicting\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;values on the wire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho is impacted:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eApplications using\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eundici.request()\u003c/code\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eundici.Client\u003c/code\u003e, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arrays\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eApplications that accept user-controlled header names without case-normalization\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential consequences:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDenial of Service\u003c/strong\u003e: Strict HTTP parsers (proxies, servers) will reject requests with duplicate\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers (400 Bad Request)\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHTTP Request Smuggling\u003c/strong\u003e: In deployments where an intermediary and backend interpret duplicate headers inconsistently (e.g., one uses the first value, the other uses the last), this can enable request smuggling attacks leading to ACL bypass, cache poisoning, or credential hijacking\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "Undici allows duplicate HTTP\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers when they are provided in an array with case-variant names (e.g.,\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0and\u00a0content-length). This produces malformed HTTP/1.1 requests with multiple conflicting\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0values on the wire.\n\nWho is impacted:\n\n  *  Applications using\u00a0undici.request(),\u00a0undici.Client, or similar low-level APIs with headers passed as flat arrays\n  *  Applications that accept user-controlled header names without case-normalization\n\n\nPotential consequences:\n\n  *  Denial of Service: Strict HTTP parsers (proxies, servers) will reject requests with duplicate\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers (400 Bad Request)\n  *  HTTP Request Smuggling: In deployments where an intermediary and backend interpret duplicate headers inconsistently (e.g., one uses the first value, the other uses the last), this can enable request smuggling attacks leading to ACL bypass, cache poisoning, or credential hijacking"
            }
          ],
          "impacts": [
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-33",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-33 HTTP Request Smuggling"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "capecId": "CAPEC-273",
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "CAPEC-273 HTTP Response Smuggling"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                "baseScore": 6.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "LOW",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "format": "CVSS",
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "GENERAL"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "cweId": "CWE-444",
                  "description": "CWE-444 Inconsistent interpretation of HTTP requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response smuggling\u0027)",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "CWE"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T19:56:55.092Z",
            "orgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
            "shortName": "openjs"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-2mjp-6q6p-2qxm"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-8.6"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/444.html"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3556037"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html"
            }
          ],
          "source": {
            "advisory": "GHSA-2mjp-6q6p-2qxm",
            "discovery": "INTERNAL"
          },
          "title": "undici is vulnerable to Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
          "workarounds": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "supportingMedia": [
                {
                  "base64": false,
                  "type": "text/html",
                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eIf upgrading is not immediately possible:\u003c/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eValidate header names\u003c/strong\u003e: Ensure no duplicate\u0026nbsp;\u003ccode\u003eContent-Length\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;headers (case-insensitive) are present before passing headers to undici\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse object format\u003c/strong\u003e: Pass headers as a plain object (\u003ccode\u003e{ \u0027content-length\u0027: \u0027123\u0027 }\u003c/code\u003e) rather than an array, which naturally deduplicates by key\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSanitize user input\u003c/strong\u003e: If headers originate from user input, normalize header names to lowercase and reject duplicates\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"
                }
              ],
              "value": "If upgrading is not immediately possible:\n\n  *  Validate header names: Ensure no duplicate\u00a0Content-Length\u00a0headers (case-insensitive) are present before passing headers to undici\n  *  Use object format: Pass headers as a plain object ({ \u0027content-length\u0027: \u0027123\u0027 }) rather than an array, which naturally deduplicates by key\n  *  Sanitize user input: If headers originate from user input, normalize header names to lowercase and reject duplicates"
            }
          ],
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "Vulnogram 1.0.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
        "assignerShortName": "openjs",
        "cveId": "CVE-2026-1525",
        "datePublished": "2026-03-12T19:56:55.092Z",
        "dateReserved": "2026-01-28T12:04:51.369Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-03-12T20:46:13.379Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.


Loading…

Loading…

Loading…

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Loading…

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Loading…

Loading…

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


Loading…