CVE-2025-9231 (GCVE-0-2025-9231)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-30 13:17 – Updated: 2026-07-14 12:39
VLAI
Title
Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM
Summary
Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker.. While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack. OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue. The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-30 19:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenSSL OpenSSL Affected: 3.5.0 , < 3.5.4 (semver)
Affected: 3.4.0 , < 3.4.3 (semver)
Affected: 3.3.0 , < 3.3.5 (semver)
Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.6 (semver)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
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Siemens RUGGEDCOM RST2428P Affected: 0 , < V4.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XC-300/XR-300/XC-400/XR-500WG/XR-500 family Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCH328 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM324 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM328 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XCM332 Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
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Siemens SCALANCE XRH334 (24 V DC, 8xFO, CC) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230 V AC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24 V DC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (24V DC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 12xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230 V AC, 8xFO) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SCALANCE XRM334 (2x230V AC, 2x10G, 24xSFP, 8xSFP+) Affected: 0 , < V3.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIDIS Secured SmartPlug Affected: 0 , < V7.26.0310 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC CN 4100 Affected: 0 , < V5.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-09-30 14:00
Credits
Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Stanislav Fort (Aisle Research) Tomas Mraz
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              },
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                ]
              },
              {
                "defaultStatus": "unknown",
                "product": "SIMATIC CN 4100",
                "vendor": "Siemens",
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                "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-089022.html"
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              {
                "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html"
              },
              {
                "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-253495.html"
              },
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                "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-585531.html"
              }
            ],
            "x_adpType": "supplier"
          },
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                  "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                  "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
                  "baseScore": 6.5,
                  "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
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                  "content": {
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                      {
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              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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        ],
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              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "OpenSSL",
              "vendor": "OpenSSL",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "3.5.4",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3.5.0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
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              "lang": "en",
              "type": "reporter",
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              "type": "remediation developer",
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              "other": {
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                "type": "https://openssl-library.org/policies/general/security-policy/"
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            "orgId": "3a12439a-ef3a-4c79-92e6-6081a721f1e5",
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              "url": "https://openssl-library.org/news/secadv/20250930.txt"
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              "url": "https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fc47a2ec078912b3e914fab5734535e76c4820c2"
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            "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
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          "title": "Timing side-channel in SM2 algorithm on 64 bit ARM",
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        "dateReserved": "2025-08-20T08:38:09.832Z",
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      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.