Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-22149 (GCVE-0-2025-22149)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-09 17:22 – Updated: 2025-05-23 19:56

Title

JWK Set's HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh

Summary

JWK Set (JSON Web Key Set) is a JWK and JWK Set Go implementation. Prior to 0.6.0, the project's provided HTTP client's local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation. The affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version v0.5.0 and fixed in v0.6.0. The only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval to zero (or not specifying the value).

Severity

2.1 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2025-01-09 18:08 UTC

CWE

CWE-672 - Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release

Assigner

GitHub_M mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/security/adv…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/commit/01db4…	x_refsource_MISC
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-2…
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-2…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
MicahParks	jwkset	Affected: >= 0.5.0, < 0.6.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2025-22149

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-01-09 18:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 08:45

Severity

2.1 (Low) - CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/commit/01db49a90f7f20c7fb39a699a2f19a7a5f379ed3
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40
	security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/security/advisories/GHSA-675f-rq2r-jw82
	af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-22149-detect-jwkset-vulnerability-in-go-projects-1
	af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108	https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-22149-mitigate-jwkset-vulnerability-in-go-projects

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "product": "jwkset",
          "vendor": "MicahParks",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 0.5.0, \u003c 0.6.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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    }
  ],
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    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "JWK Set (JSON Web Key Set) is a JWK and JWK Set Go implementation. Prior to 0.6.0, the project\u0027s provided HTTP client\u0027s local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation. The affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version v0.5.0 and fixed in v0.6.0. The only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval to zero (or not specifying the value)."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "JWK Set (JSON Web Key Set) es una implementaci\u00f3n de JWK y JWK Set Go. Antes de la versi\u00f3n 0.6.0, la cach\u00e9 local de JWK Set del cliente HTTP proporcionado por el proyecto deber\u00eda realizar un reemplazo completo cuando la goroutine actualiza el JWK Set remoto. El comportamiento actual es sobrescribir o agregar. Este es un problema de seguridad para los casos de uso que utilizan el cliente HTTP de almacenamiento en cach\u00e9 autom\u00e1tico proporcionado y donde la eliminaci\u00f3n de claves de un JWK Set es equivalente a la revocaci\u00f3n. El cliente HTTP de almacenamiento en cach\u00e9 autom\u00e1tico afectado se agreg\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n v0.5.0 y se solucion\u00f3 en la v0.6.0. El \u00fanico workaround ser\u00eda eliminar el cliente HTTP de almacenamiento en cach\u00e9 autom\u00e1tico proporcionado y reemplazarlo con una implementaci\u00f3n personalizada. Esto implica configurar HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval en cero (o no especificar el valor)."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-22149",
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:45:21.110",
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GHSA-675F-RQ2R-JW82

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-09 17:23 – Updated: 2025-01-09 18:57

Summary

JWK Set's HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh

Details

Impact

The project's provided HTTP client's local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation.

Example attack scenario: 1. An attacker has stolen the private key for a key published in JWK Set. 2. The publishers of that JWK Set remove that key from the JWK Set. 3. Enough time has passed that the program using the auto-caching HTTP client found in github.com/MicahParks/jwkset v0.5.0-v0.5.21 has elapsed its HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval duration, causing a refresh of the remote JWK Set. 4. The attacker is signing content (such as JWTs) with the stolen private key and the system has no other forms of revocation.

Patches

The affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version v0.5.0 and fixed in v0.6.0. Upgrade to v0.6.0 or later.

Workarounds

The only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval to zero (or not specifying the value). Upgrade to v0.6.0 is advised.

References

Please see the tracking issue on GitHub for additional details: https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40

Severity

2.1 (Low)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.5.21"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/MicahParks/jwkset"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.5.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.6.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-22149"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-672"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-01-09T17:23:43Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-09T18:15:30Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe project\u0027s provided HTTP client\u0027s local JWK Set cache should do a full replacement when the goroutine refreshes the remote JWK Set. The current behavior is to overwrite or append. This is a security issue for use cases that utilize the provided auto-caching HTTP client and where key removal from a JWK Set is equivalent to revocation.\n\nExample attack scenario:\n1. An attacker has stolen the private key for a key published in JWK Set.\n2. The publishers of that JWK Set remove that key from the JWK Set.\n3. Enough time has passed that the program using the auto-caching HTTP client found in `github.com/MicahParks/jwkset` v0.5.0-v0.5.21 has elapsed its `HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval` duration, causing a refresh of the remote JWK Set.\n4. The attacker is signing content (such as JWTs) with the stolen private key and the system has no other forms of revocation.\n\n### Patches\nThe affected auto-caching HTTP client was added in version `v0.5.0` and fixed in `v0.6.0`. Upgrade to `v0.6.0` or later.\n\n### Workarounds\nThe only workaround would be to remove the provided auto-caching HTTP client and replace it with a custom implementation. This involves setting the `HTTPClientStorageOptions.RefreshInterval` to zero (or not specifying the value). Upgrade to `v0.6.0` is advised.\n\n### References\nPlease see the tracking issue on GitHub for additional details: https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40\n",
  "id": "GHSA-675f-rq2r-jw82",
  "modified": "2025-01-09T18:57:32Z",
  "published": "2025-01-09T17:23:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/security/advisories/GHSA-675f-rq2r-jw82"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/issues/40"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/pull/41"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset/commit/01db49a90f7f20c7fb39a699a2f19a7a5f379ed3"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/MicahParks/jwkset"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JWK Set\u0027s HTTP client only overwrites and appends JWK to local cache during refresh"
}

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:14644-1

Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-01-14 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-20 21:24

Summary

govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20250109T194159-1.1 on GA media

Severity

Moderate

Scope

4 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-22149.

CVE-2025-22149

Recommended: 4 products

Open the full advisory

SUSE-SU-2025:0297-1

Vulnerability from csaf_suse - Published: 2025-01-30 14:03 - Updated: 2025-01-30 14:03

Summary

Security update for govulncheck-vulndb

Severity

Moderate

Scope

33 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-22149.

CVE-2025-22149

Recommended: 2 products

Open the full advisory

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-22149 (GCVE-0-2025-22149)

FKIE_CVE-2025-22149

GHSA-675F-RQ2R-JW82

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:14644-1

SUSE-SU-2025:0297-1

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature

Related by attack behaviour