CVE-2021-43859 (GCVE-0-2021-43859)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-02-01 12:08 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:45
VLAI
Title
Denial of Service by injecting highly recursive collections or maps in XStream
Summary
XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. XStream 1.4.19 monitors and accumulates the time it takes to add elements to collections and throws an exception if a set threshold is exceeded. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. Users unable to upgrade may set the NO_REFERENCE mode to prevent recursion. See GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf for further details on a workaround if an upgrade is not possible.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-22 15:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
x-stream xstream Affected: < 1.4.19
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              "STATE": "PUBLIC",
              "TITLE": "Denial of Service by injecting highly recursive collections or maps in XStream"
            },
            "affects": {
              "vendor": {
                "vendor_data": [
                  {
                    "product": {
                      "product_data": [
                        {
                          "product_name": "xstream",
                          "version": {
                            "version_data": [
                              {
                                "version_value": "\u003c 1.4.19"
                              }
                            ]
                          }
                        }
                      ]
                    },
                    "vendor_name": "x-stream"
                  }
                ]
              }
            },
            "data_format": "MITRE",
            "data_type": "CVE",
            "data_version": "4.0",
            "description": {
              "description_data": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. XStream 1.4.19 monitors and accumulates the time it takes to add elements to collections and throws an exception if a set threshold is exceeded. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. Users unable to upgrade may set the NO_REFERENCE mode to prevent recursion. See GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf for further details on a workaround if an upgrade is not possible."
                }
              ]
            },
            "impact": {
              "cvss": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "NETWORK",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.5,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              }
            },
            "problemtype": {
              "problemtype_data": [
                {
                  "description": [
                    {
                      "lang": "eng",
                      "value": "CWE-400: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption"
                    }
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "references": {
              "reference_data": [
                {
                  "name": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf",
                  "refsource": "CONFIRM",
                  "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf"
                },
                {
                  "name": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846",
                  "refsource": "MISC",
                  "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846"
                },
                {
                  "name": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-43859.html",
                  "refsource": "MISC",
                  "url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-43859.html"
                },
                {
                  "name": "[oss-security] 20220209 Vulnerability in Jenkins",
                  "refsource": "MLIST",
                  "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/09/1"
                },
                {
                  "name": "FEDORA-2022-ad5cf1c0dd",
                  "refsource": "FEDORA",
                  "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XODFRE2ZL64FICBJDOPWOLPTSSAI4U7X/"
                },
                {
                  "name": "FEDORA-2022-983a78275c",
                  "refsource": "FEDORA",
                  "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VACQYG356OHUTD5WQGAQ4L2TTFTAV3SJ/"
                },
                {
                  "name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20220215 [SECURITY] [DLA 2924-1] libxstream-java security update",
                  "refsource": "MLIST",
                  "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00018.html"
                },
                {
                  "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html",
                  "refsource": "MISC",
                  "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
                },
                {
                  "name": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html",
                  "refsource": "MISC",
                  "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
                }
              ]
            },
            "source": {
              "advisory": "GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf",
              "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
        "cveId": "CVE-2021-43859",
        "datePublished": "2022-02-01T12:08:57.000Z",
        "dateReserved": "2021-11-16T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T21:45:34.625Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.