CVE-2025-49136 (GCVE-0-2025-49136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-09 16:21 – Updated: 2025-06-10 13:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
listmonk's Sprig template Injection vulnerability leads to reading of Environment Variable for low privilege user
Summary
listmonk is a standalone, self-hosted, newsletter and mailing list manager. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 5.0.2, the `env` and `expandenv` template functions which is enabled by default in Sprig enables capturing of env variables on host. While this may not be a problem on single-user (super admin) installations, on multi-user installations, this allows non-super-admin users with campaign or template permissions to use the `{{ env }}` template expression to capture sensitive environment variables. Users should upgrade to v5.0.2 to mitigate the issue.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-10 13:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/commit/d27d2c32… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/releases/tag/v5.0.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
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EUVD-2026-44044
European Vulnerability Database identifier assigned by ENISAReserved
2026-10-03 10:45
Assigner
ENISA
Alias of
a CVE record, shown under related vulnerabilities.
This identifier carries no description, severity or references of its own:
they belong to that CVE.
{
"assigner": "ENISA",
"date_reserved": "2026-10-03T10:45:50.622947+00:00",
"id": "EUVD-2026-44044"
}
FKIE_CVE-2025-49136
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2025-06-09 17:15 - Updated: 2026-06-17 09:30
Severity
9.0 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
6.5 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/
Summary
listmonk is a standalone, self-hosted, newsletter and mailing list manager. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 5.0.2, the `env` and `expandenv` template functions which is enabled by default in Sprig enables capturing of env variables on host. While this may not be a problem on single-user (super admin) installations, on multi-user installations, this allows non-super-admin users with campaign or template permissions to use the `{{ env }}` template expression to capture sensitive environment variables. Users should upgrade to v5.0.2 to mitigate the issue.
References
{
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "listmonk",
"vendor": "knadh",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 4.0.0, \u003c 5.0.2"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nadh:listmonk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "0819712B-FBD6-4D10-875B-7DFAA1D602D1",
"versionEndExcluding": "5.0.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "4.0.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
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{
"lang": "en",
"value": "listmonk is a standalone, self-hosted, newsletter and mailing list manager. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 5.0.2, the `env` and `expandenv` template functions which is enabled by default in Sprig enables capturing of env variables on host. While this may not be a problem on single-user (super admin) installations, on multi-user installations, this allows non-super-admin users with campaign or template permissions to use the `{{ env }}` template expression to capture sensitive environment variables. Users should upgrade to v5.0.2 to mitigate the issue."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Listmonk es un gestor de boletines y listas de correo independiente y autoalojado. A partir de la versi\u00f3n 4.0.0 y anteriores a la 5.0.2, las funciones de plantilla `env` y `expandenv`, habilitadas por defecto en Sprig, permiten la captura de variables de entorno en el host. Si bien esto puede no ser un problema en instalaciones de un solo usuario (superadministrador), en instalaciones multiusuario, permite a los usuarios sin superadministrador con permisos de campa\u00f1a o plantilla usar la expresi\u00f3n de plantilla `{{ env }}` para capturar variables de entorno sensibles. Los usuarios deben actualizar a la versi\u00f3n 5.0.2 para mitigar el problema."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-49136",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:30:48.450",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.0,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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"impactScore": 6.0,
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"type": "Secondary"
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"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
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"published": "2025-06-09T17:15:29.917",
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GHSA-JC7G-X28F-3V3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-09 13:09 – Updated: 2025-06-10 19:59
VLAI
Summary
listmonk's Sprig template Injection vulnerability leads to reading of Environment Variable for low privilege user
Details
Summary
The env and expandenv template functions which is enabled by default in Sprig enables capturing of env variables on the host. While this may not be a problem on single-user (super admin) installations, on multi-user installations, this allows non-super-admin users with campaign or template permissions to use the {{ env }} template expression to capture sensitive environment variables.
Upgrade to v5.0.2 to mitigate.
Demonstration
Description
A critical template injection vulnerability exists in Listmonk's campaign preview functionality that allows authenticated users with minimal privileges (campaigns:get & campaigns:get_all) to extract sensitive system data, including database credentials, SMTP passwords, and admin credentials due to some dangerous function being allowed.
Proof of Concept
- Create a user and give him
campaigns:getandcampaigns:get_allprivileges
-
Now login with that user, go to any campaign, go the Content section and here lies the vulnerability, we're able to execute template content which allows us to get environment variables, execute Sprig functions...
-
Now in the text field you can input the following and press Preview: ``` {{ env "AWS_KEY" }} {{ env "LISTMONK_db__user" }} {{ env "LISTMONK_db__password" }} ````
Preview:
I had the AWS_KEY variable set like that to confirm the vulnerability:
Impact
- Through these environment variables the attacker can access, they can fully compromise the database, cloud accounts, admin credentials, and more depending on what was setup leading to total system takeover and data breach.
Suggested Fix
- Blacklist some function for templates like env, expandEnv and fail as they can be used to leak environment variables which leads to a full takeover.
Severity
9.0 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/knadh/listmonk"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-49136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1336"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-09T13:09:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-09T17:15:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Summary\nThe `env` and `expandenv` template functions which is enabled by default in [Sprig](https://masterminds.github.io/sprig/) enables capturing of env variables on the host. While this may not be a problem on single-user (super admin) installations, on multi-user installations, this allows non-super-admin users with campaign or template permissions to use the `{{ env }}` template expression to capture sensitive environment variables.\n\n**Upgrade to [v5.0.2](https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/releases/tag/v5.0.2)** to mitigate.\n\n---------\n\n# Demonstration\n\n### Description\nA critical template injection vulnerability exists in Listmonk\u0027s campaign preview functionality that allows authenticated users with minimal privileges (campaigns:get \u0026 campaigns:get_all) to extract sensitive system data, including database credentials, SMTP passwords, and admin credentials due to some dangerous function being allowed.\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n- Create a user and give him `campaigns:get` and `campaigns:get_all` privileges\n\n\n\n- Now login with that user, go to any campaign, go the Content section and here lies the vulnerability, we\u0027re able to execute template content which allows us to get environment variables, execute Sprig functions...\n\n- Now in the text field you can input the following and press Preview:\n```\n{{ env \"AWS_KEY\" }}\n{{ env \"LISTMONK_db__user\" }}\n{{ env \"LISTMONK_db__password\" }}\n````\n\n\n\n# Preview:\n\n\n\nI had the AWS_KEY variable set like that to confirm the vulnerability:\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- Through these environment variables the attacker can access, they can fully compromise the database, cloud accounts, admin credentials, and more depending on what was setup leading to total system takeover and data breach.\n\n### Suggested Fix\n\n- Blacklist some function for templates like env, expandEnv and fail as they can be used to leak environment variables which leads to a full takeover.",
"id": "GHSA-jc7g-x28f-3v3h",
"modified": "2025-06-10T19:59:04Z",
"published": "2025-06-09T13:09:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/security/advisories/GHSA-jc7g-x28f-3v3h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/commit/d27d2c32cf3af2d0b24e29ea5a686ba149b49b3e"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/knadh/listmonk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/knadh/listmonk/releases/tag/v5.0.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "listmonk\u0027s Sprig template Injection vulnerability leads to reading of Environment Variable for low privilege user"
}
OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15225-1
Vulnerability from csaf_opensuse - Published: 2025-07-03 00:00 - Updated: 2026-09-20 21:35Summary
govulncheck-vulndb-0.0.20250612T141001-1.1 on GA media
Severity
Moderate
Scope
29 vulnerabilities in this advisory, including CVE-2025-49136.
CVE-2025-49136
6.5 (Medium)
Recommended: 4 products
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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