CVE-2025-38250 (GCVE-0-2025-38250)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-09 10:42 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:00
VLAI
Title
Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix use-after-free in vhci_flush()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix use-after-free in vhci_flush() syzbot reported use-after-free in vhci_flush() without repro. [0] From the splat, a thread close()d a vhci file descriptor while its device was being used by iotcl() on another thread. Once the last fd refcnt is released, vhci_release() calls hci_unregister_dev(), hci_free_dev(), and kfree() for struct vhci_data, which is set to hci_dev->dev->driver_data. The problem is that there is no synchronisation after unlinking hdev from hci_dev_list in hci_unregister_dev(). There might be another thread still accessing the hdev which was fetched before the unlink operation. We can use SRCU for such synchronisation. Let's run hci_dev_reset() under SRCU and wait for its completion in hci_unregister_dev(). Another option would be to restore hci_dev->destruct(), which was removed in commit 587ae086f6e4 ("Bluetooth: Remove unused hci-destruct cb"). However, this would not be a good solution, as we should not run hci_unregister_dev() while there are in-flight ioctl() requests, which could lead to another data-race KCSAN splat. Note that other drivers seem to have the same problem, for exmaple, virtbt_remove(). [0]: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline] BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937 Read of size 8 at addr ffff88807cb8d858 by task syz.1.219/6718 CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6718 Comm: syz.1.219 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1-syzkaller-00196-g08207f42d3ff #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline] print_report+0xd2/0x2b0 mm/kasan/report.c:521 kasan_report+0x118/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:634 skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline] skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937 skb_queue_purge include/linux/skbuff.h:3368 [inline] vhci_flush+0x44/0x50 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:69 hci_dev_do_reset net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:552 [inline] hci_dev_reset+0x420/0x5c0 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:592 sock_do_ioctl+0xd9/0x300 net/socket.c:1190 sock_ioctl+0x576/0x790 net/socket.c:1311 vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline] __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:907 [inline] __se_sys_ioctl+0xf9/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:893 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fcf5b98e929 Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007fcf5c7b9038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fcf5bbb6160 RCX: 00007fcf5b98e929 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000400448cb RDI: 0000000000000009 RBP: 00007fcf5ba10b39 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fcf5bbb6160 R15: 00007ffd6353d528 </TASK> Allocated by task 6535: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68 poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:394 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x230/0x3d0 mm/slub.c:4359 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline] kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1039 [inline] vhci_open+0x57/0x360 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:635 misc_open+0x2bc/0x330 drivers/char/misc.c:161 chrdev_open+0x4c9/0x5e0 fs/char_dev.c:414 do_dentry_open+0xdf0/0x1970 fs/open.c:964 vfs_open+0x3b/0x340 fs/open.c:1094 do_open fs/namei.c:3887 [inline] path_openat+0x2ee5/0x3830 fs/name ---truncated---
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < dd4becd3fd4102696e1c15e6d260a1712a2d8685 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < 90dee0a0ff84fac8accd5be98412b3819f667149 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < c56b177efce8b62798e4d96bdb9867106cb7c4a0 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < bc0819a25e04cd68ef3568cfa51b63118fea39a7 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < ce23b73f0f27e2dbeb81734a79db710f05aa33c6 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < 0e5c144c557df910ab64d9c25d06399a9a735e65 (git)
Affected: bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f , < 1d6123102e9fbedc8d25bf4731da6d513173e49e (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 3.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.259 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.167 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.97 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.36 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.5 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/bluetooth/hci_core.h",
            "net/bluetooth/hci_core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "versionType": "git"
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "bf18c7118cf83ad4b9aa476354b4a06bcb9d0c4f",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/bluetooth/hci_core.h",
            "net/bluetooth/hci_core.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.4"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.4",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.259",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.209",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.167",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.97",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.36",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.259",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.167",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.97",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.36",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.5",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.16",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.4",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nBluetooth: hci_core: Fix use-after-free in vhci_flush()\n\nsyzbot reported use-after-free in vhci_flush() without repro. [0]\n\nFrom the splat, a thread close()d a vhci file descriptor while\nits device was being used by iotcl() on another thread.\n\nOnce the last fd refcnt is released, vhci_release() calls\nhci_unregister_dev(), hci_free_dev(), and kfree() for struct\nvhci_data, which is set to hci_dev-\u003edev-\u003edriver_data.\n\nThe problem is that there is no synchronisation after unlinking\nhdev from hci_dev_list in hci_unregister_dev().  There might be\nanother thread still accessing the hdev which was fetched before\nthe unlink operation.\n\nWe can use SRCU for such synchronisation.\n\nLet\u0027s run hci_dev_reset() under SRCU and wait for its completion\nin hci_unregister_dev().\n\nAnother option would be to restore hci_dev-\u003edestruct(), which was\nremoved in commit 587ae086f6e4 (\"Bluetooth: Remove unused\nhci-destruct cb\").  However, this would not be a good solution, as\nwe should not run hci_unregister_dev() while there are in-flight\nioctl() requests, which could lead to another data-race KCSAN splat.\n\nNote that other drivers seem to have the same problem, for exmaple,\nvirtbt_remove().\n\n[0]:\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline]\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937\nRead of size 8 at addr ffff88807cb8d858 by task syz.1.219/6718\n\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6718 Comm: syz.1.219 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1-syzkaller-00196-g08207f42d3ff #0 PREEMPT(full)\nHardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120\n print_address_description mm/kasan/report.c:408 [inline]\n print_report+0xd2/0x2b0 mm/kasan/report.c:521\n kasan_report+0x118/0x150 mm/kasan/report.c:634\n skb_queue_empty_lockless include/linux/skbuff.h:1891 [inline]\n skb_queue_purge_reason+0x99/0x360 net/core/skbuff.c:3937\n skb_queue_purge include/linux/skbuff.h:3368 [inline]\n vhci_flush+0x44/0x50 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:69\n hci_dev_do_reset net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:552 [inline]\n hci_dev_reset+0x420/0x5c0 net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:592\n sock_do_ioctl+0xd9/0x300 net/socket.c:1190\n sock_ioctl+0x576/0x790 net/socket.c:1311\n vfs_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:51 [inline]\n __do_sys_ioctl fs/ioctl.c:907 [inline]\n __se_sys_ioctl+0xf9/0x170 fs/ioctl.c:893\n do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]\n do_syscall_64+0xfa/0x3b0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f\nRIP: 0033:0x7fcf5b98e929\nCode: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48\nRSP: 002b:00007fcf5c7b9038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000010\nRAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fcf5bbb6160 RCX: 00007fcf5b98e929\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00000000400448cb RDI: 0000000000000009\nRBP: 00007fcf5ba10b39 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000\nR10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00007fcf5bbb6160 R15: 00007ffd6353d528\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 6535:\n kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:47 [inline]\n kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:68\n poison_kmalloc_redzone mm/kasan/common.c:377 [inline]\n __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0 mm/kasan/common.c:394\n kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:260 [inline]\n __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x230/0x3d0 mm/slub.c:4359\n kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline]\n kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1039 [inline]\n vhci_open+0x57/0x360 drivers/bluetooth/hci_vhci.c:635\n misc_open+0x2bc/0x330 drivers/char/misc.c:161\n chrdev_open+0x4c9/0x5e0 fs/char_dev.c:414\n do_dentry_open+0xdf0/0x1970 fs/open.c:964\n vfs_open+0x3b/0x340 fs/open.c:1094\n do_open fs/namei.c:3887 [inline]\n path_openat+0x2ee5/0x3830 fs/name\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - Although this is the Bluetooth subsystem, the vulnerable path is not reachable from over-the-air traffic \u2014 it requires a local `ioctl(HCIDEVRESET)` on an AF_BLUETOOTH HCI socket raced against a local `close()` of the transport fd (or driver removal). Both sides of the race are local syscalls.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both racing threads (close of the vhci fd vs. the HCIDEVRESET ioctl) and the window is large, spanning the full `hci_dev_close_sync()`/`hci_dev_open_sync()` command-sync sequence inside `hci_dev_do_reset()`. Failed attempts are harmless and can be repeated indefinitely until the race is won.\nPR:L - `HCIDEVRESET` is gated on `capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN)`, a capability held by non-root service accounts such as bluetoothd and Android\u0027s Bluetooth process rather than requiring full init-namespace root, and this repo consistently scores CAP_NET_ADMIN-gated Bluetooth mgmt/ioctl bugs as PR:L. The free side additionally needs no privilege at all when supplied by ordinary transport-driver teardown (btusb/hci_ldisc/virtio_bt unregister).\nUI:N - The attacker drives both the reset ioctl and the device teardown from its own threads with no victim participation. No user action of any kind is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory and yields kernel-privilege compromise within the same security authority. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a slab use-after-free on a `kmalloc-1k` object; `skb_queue_purge_reason()` reads the freed `sk_buff_head` and dereferences pointers taken from it, so an attacker who reclaims the slot obtains an arbitrary kernel-memory read primitive and full disclosure of kernel memory.\nI:H - The UAF is read *and* write: `skb_queue_splice_init()` writes back into the freed object and `kfree_skb()` is invoked on attacker-reclaimable pointers, while `vhci_send_frame()` performs `skb_queue_tail()` into freed memory. That combination gives a controlled-free and linked-list-write primitive suitable for control-flow hijacking and privilege escalation.\nA:H - Even without successful heap grooming, purging a freed skb queue and freeing garbage pointers reliably corrupts the slab allocator and panics the kernel. The attacker can trigger it repeatedly for a persistent denial of service."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:43.317Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd4becd3fd4102696e1c15e6d260a1712a2d8685"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90dee0a0ff84fac8accd5be98412b3819f667149"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c56b177efce8b62798e4d96bdb9867106cb7c4a0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bc0819a25e04cd68ef3568cfa51b63118fea39a7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce23b73f0f27e2dbeb81734a79db710f05aa33c6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e5c144c557df910ab64d9c25d06399a9a735e65"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1d6123102e9fbedc8d25bf4731da6d513173e49e"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Bluetooth: hci_core: Fix use-after-free in vhci_flush()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38250",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-09T10:42:30.294Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.997Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:00:43.317Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38250",
      "date": "2026-10-03",
      "epss": "0.00159",
      "percentile": "0.04405"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-02T16:57:15Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38250",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38250",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-09T23:23:04Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "776",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "6",
      "product_status:recommended": "594",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38250",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38250.json",
      "version": "40"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.