CWE-915

{
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-104908",
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                  },
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                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-10-02T16:18:57.561492Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
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            }
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        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-10-02T16:19:17.687Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "DecayingModelController"
          ],
          "product": "MISP",
          "programFiles": [
            "app/Controller/DecayingModelController.php"
          ],
          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
          "vendor": "MISP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.5.48",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "iglocska"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Claude Opus 5"
        }
      ],
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          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains an improper input validation vulnerability in the decaying model import functionality. The import endpoint was intended to create a new decaying model belonging exclusively to the importing user\u0027s organisation, with the default flag forced to off.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHowever, the application stripped only the top-level id and uuid fields and pinned org_id and default on the outer array before saving the data flat. A user with decaying-model permissions could supply a nested model key carrying its own primary key, organisation identifier, and default flag, which bypassed those guards during the save operation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- A user with perm_decaying could overwrite an existing decaying model belonging to another organisation in place, altering its name, formula, parameters, or ownership.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- A user could create or modify a model flagged as the organisation default, affecting scoring behaviour for other users.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- A user could reassign a model\u0027s organisation to an arbitrary value.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Authenticated user with decaying-model permission (perm_decaying).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Network access to the MISP instance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "MISP contains an improper input validation vulnerability in the decaying model import functionality. The import endpoint was intended to create a new decaying model belonging exclusively to the importing user\u0027s organisation, with the default flag forced to off.\n\nHowever, the application stripped only the top-level id and uuid fields and pinned org_id and default on the outer array before saving the data flat. A user with decaying-model permissions could supply a nested model key carrying its own primary key, organisation identifier, and default flag, which bypassed those guards during the save operation.\n\nImpact:\n\n- A user with perm_decaying could overwrite an existing decaying model belonging to another organisation in place, altering its name, formula, parameters, or ownership.\n\n- A user could create or modify a model flagged as the organisation default, affecting scoring behaviour for other users.\n\n- A user could reassign a model\u0027s organisation to an arbitrary value.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- Authenticated user with decaying-model permission (perm_decaying).\n\n- Network access to the MISP instance.\n\nAffected: \u003c2.5.48."
        }
      ],
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          "capecId": "CAPEC-13",
          "descriptions": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "CAPEC-13 Parameter Tampering"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
          },
          "format": "CVSS",
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              "version": "2.0.3"
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            {
              "cweId": "CWE-915",
              "description": "CWE-915 Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-285",
              "description": "CWE-285 Improper Authorization",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
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        "orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
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      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Security patch",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b"
        }
      ],
      "solutions": [
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe import handler now builds the model record from an explicit allow-list of permitted fields (name, parameters, description, ref, formula, version, enabled, all_orgs) using array_intersect_key, discarding any unlisted keys including nested model objects. The organisation identifier and default flag are set unconditionally after filtering. The save operation is preceded by an explicit create() call and the data is wrapped in the proper model key, preventing the ORM from interpreting attacker-supplied nested keys as separate model attributes.\u003c/p\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The import handler now builds the model record from an explicit allow-list of permitted fields (name, parameters, description, ref, formula, version, enabled, all_orgs) using array_intersect_key, discarding any unlisted keys including nested model objects. The organisation identifier and default flag are set unconditionally after filtering. The save operation is preceded by an explicit create() call and the data is wrapped in the proper model key, preventing the ORM from interpreting attacker-supplied nested keys as separate model attributes."
        }
      ],
      "title": "MISP Decaying Model Import Mass Assignment Allows Cross-Organization Model Overwrite and Default Flagging",
      "x_gcve": [
        {
          "extensions": {
            "bcp-05-x-01": {
              "ai_annotations": [
                {
                  "ai_level": "generated",
                  "description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
                  "gna_source": 1,
                  "models": [
                    {
                      "gna_source": 1,
                      "identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "name": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "source": "ollama"
                    }
                  ],
                  "review_status": "full",
                  "scope": "record",
                  "tags": [
                    "ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
                    "ai-computer-assisted:classification"
                  ]
                }
              ]
            },
            "bcp-05-x-02": {
              "x_patch2vuln": {
                "assumptions": [
                  "The affected version boundary is inferred from the tag_version_boundary metadata (v2.5.48, 21 commits after fix); the patch metadata does not explicitly state a fixed version string, so \u0027\u003c 2.5.48\u0027 is an analyst inference.",
                  "The CAPEC-13 mapping is the closest available pattern; the attack is specifically a mass-assignment bypass via a nested model key rather than a generic parameter tampering, but no CAPEC entry precisely describes ORM-level mass assignment through nested keys.",
                  "CVSS PR:L assumes perm_decaying is a low-privilege role available to many users; if it requires elevated privileges the score would be lower.",
                  "The Co-Authored-By line references an AI assistant (Claude Opus 5); it is recorded as a tool credit, not a human remediation developer.",
                  "No evidence of active exploitation or public PoC was found in the patch; SSVCE exploitation is set to \u0027none\u0027.",
                  "The patch does not specify authentication requirements beyond perm_decaying; it is assumed this is a standard MISP role rather than an admin-level permission."
                ],
                "capecRationale": [
                  {
                    "capecId": "CAPEC-13",
                    "rationale": "The attacker tampers with the import request parameters by injecting a nested DecayingModel key containing unauthorized fields (id, org_id, default) that the application\u0027s top-level stripping did not filter. This is a direct form of parameter tampering where extra or modified parameters in the request bypass the intended input validation. The mapping is a close fit because the attack vector is manipulation of request parameters rather than a separate injection or protocol-level attack."
                  }
                ],
                "commit": "70e319e4b9dbbeca173befce2340eedf9d86f1b0",
                "confidence": "high",
                "credits": [
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "reporter",
                    "value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "iglocska"
                  },
                  {
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "remediation developer",
                    "value": "Claude Opus 5"
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                "cvssRationale": "AV:N - MISP is a network-accessible web application. AC:L - the attack requires only crafting a JSON payload with a nested key; no race condition or complex timing is needed. AT:N - no in-transit tampering required. PR:L - requires an authenticated user with perm_decaying, a low-privilege role. UI:N - no victim interaction needed. VC:N - no confidentiality impact; the attacker does not read data they cannot already access. VI:H - high integrity impact: an existing model belonging to another organisation can be overwritten in place, its ownership reassigned, or its default flag set, altering scoring for other users. VA:N - no availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N - the impact is confined to the MISP instance itself (same component); no secondary component is affected. Scope is not changed because both the vulnerable and impacted components are the MISP application and its data store.",
                "fixSummary": "The import handler now builds the model record from an explicit allow-list of permitted fields (name, parameters, description, ref, formula, version, enabled, all_orgs) using array_intersect_key, discarding any unlisted keys including nested model objects. The organisation identifier and default flag are set unconditionally after filtering. The save operation is preceded by an explicit create() call and the data is wrapped in the proper model key, preventing the ORM from interpreting attacker-supplied nested keys as separate model attributes.",
                "generatedAt": "2026-10-02T15:55:12.256144Z",
                "generator": "patch2vuln.py",
                "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                "modelComparison": {
                  "rankings": [
                    {
                      "agreementScore": 11,
                      "assumptionCount": 6,
                      "confidence": "high",
                      "model": "qwen3.8:27b",
                      "score": 7
                    }
                  ],
                  "selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
                  "selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
                  "selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
                },
                "patchSha256": "2ea9ae3603b60db40cddef05bf41462c4b235652ccd53d6e8a5596006232e59d",
                "patchSummary": "In DecayingModelController::import(), the previous logic of unsetting id/uuid and pinning org_id/default on the flat array was replaced with an allow-list approach: array_intersect_key against a fixed set of importable fields, followed by explicit assignment of org_id from the authenticated user and default=0. A DecayingModel::create() call was added before save, and the save payload is now wrapped as array(\u0027DecayingModel\u0027 =\u003e $model) to bind the data to the correct model context. A regression test (DecayingModelImportOwnership) was added that verifies a nested DecayingModel key with a foreign id, org_id, and default=1 cannot overwrite or reassign an existing model.",
                "patchTruncated": false,
                "patches": [
                  {
                    "commit": "70e319e4b9dbbeca173befce2340eedf9d86f1b0",
                    "date": "Fri, 25 Sep 2026 14:22:03 +0200",
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                    "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
                    "sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
                    "subject": "fix: [security] Imported decaying models belong to the"
                  }
                ],
                "source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/70e319e4b.patch",
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                  "role": "Supplier",
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                    "rationale": "The import endpoint accepted user-supplied data and saved it without restricting which object attributes could be set. A nested model key allowed the attacker to modify the primary key, organisation, and default flag of a record, which are attributes that should be controlled exclusively by the application. This is a classic mass-assignment / improper dynamic attribute modification issue."
                  },
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-285",
                    "rationale": "The application failed to enforce that the imported model belongs to the caller\u0027s organisation. A user with only perm_decaying could modify records owned by other organisations, indicating an authorization boundary was not enforced on the object being written."
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "oRPC is a tool that helps build APIs that are end-to-end type-safe and adhere to OpenAPI standards. Prior to 1.14.10, the @orpc/zod ZodSmartCoercionPlugin and experimental_ZodSmartCoercionPlugin collect object and record properties in plain objects and resolve shape keys through the prototype chain. A remote client that can reach a procedure with an object or record input can supply __proto__ to replace the prototype of the returned request object, allowing attacker-controlled inherited values to reach application lookups. For object schemas, keys such as constructor, toString, and __proto__ can instead resolve inherited members as Zod schemas and cause an unhandled TypeError before validation. The global Object.prototype, unrelated objects, other requests, and other users are not modified, and the availability effect is limited to crafted requests rather than persistent process-wide state. This issue is fixed in version 1.14.10."
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              "cweId": "CWE-1321",
              "description": "CWE-1321: Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (\u0027Prototype Pollution\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
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      "providerMetadata": {
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
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                    "Automatable": "no"
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                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-30T14:32:35.584208Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
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      "affected": [
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          "cpes": [
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          "modules": [
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          "product": "MISP",
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          "repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a mass assignment vulnerability in the event delegation feature. When a user with delegation permission submits a delegation request, the application authorized the user against the event identified in the URL but then persisted the entire submitted record, including caller-supplied fields such as the primary key and event_id.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn authenticated attacker could inject a primary key or event_id into the delegation payload to retarget an existing delegation record to any event on the instance. Because a delegation row grants the requesting organisation read access to the event it references, this effectively granted read access to arbitrary events belonging to other organisations. If the target organisation subsequently accepted the delegation, ownership of the event was transferred and the original record was deleted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- An authenticated user with the delegation permission (perm_delegate)\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The MISP.delegation server setting must be enabled\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Confidentiality: read access to any event on the instance\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Integrity: overwriting existing delegation records and transferring event ownership\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: MISP \u0026lt; 2.5.48\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes vulnerability in ash-project ash allows a user to set the value of a private action argument on the bulk destroy and bulk update paths.\n\nAction arguments declared with `public?: false` are meant to be set only by trusted server-side code (for example via `Ash.Changeset.set_private_argument/3`) and must not be settable from end-user input. CVE-2026-55736 fixed the non-bulk changeset path to strip private arguments from user-supplied parameter maps, but the bulk destroy and bulk update paths were not covered.\n\n`Ash.Actions.Destroy.Bulk.base_changeset/5` and `Ash.Actions.Update.Bulk.base_changeset/5` match every key in the caller-supplied parameter map against all of the action\u0027s arguments with no `public?` check, then apply the matches to the base changeset. A caller who can submit parameters to a bulk destroy or bulk update action (for example through AshJsonApi, AshGraphql, or a controller that forwards request parameters to `Ash.bulk_destroy/4` or `Ash.bulk_update/4`) can therefore set any private argument of that action, including one referenced by an `arg(...)` template in the action\u0027s changes or validations. Depending on how the application uses the argument (for example an `acting_user_id` driving authorization or record ownership, or audit metadata), this can lead to an integrity violation or privilege escalation.\n\nThe fix requires `public?` in the argument matching on both bulk paths; private arguments remain settable server-side via the `:private_arguments` option.\n\nThis issue affects ash: from 2.17.15 before 3.33.11."
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