Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-178
AllowedImproper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
196 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-86472 (GCVE-0-2026-86472)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 10:29 – Updated: 2026-09-15 12:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fast-uri vulnerable to inconsistent host case normalization via percent-encoded octets
Summary
fast-uri is a dependency-free RFC 3986 URI parser for Node.js, used by Fastify and ajv. In versions before 2.4.7, from 3.0.0 through 3.1.7, and from 4.0.0 through 4.1.4, fast-uri folds the host to lowercase before it percent-decodes the host, so a percent-encoded uppercase octet such as %41 decodes to a literal A that is never folded. For a scheme-relative reference such as //host there is no scheme, so the host canonicalization that would normally repair this does not run, and parse, normalize, and equal then disagree on the same host. An application that makes a case-sensitive host decision on fast-uri output, for example a host allowlist or denylist that compares the parsed host or uses equal, can be steered past the check with a percent-encoded uppercase octet, and because hostnames are case-insensitive in DNS and HTTP the evading spelling still reaches the host the check meant to gate. The issue is fixed in fast-uri 2.4.7, 3.1.8, and 4.1.5, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. As a workaround, compare hosts case-insensitively by lowercasing the parsed host before any allowlist or denylist decision.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-84428 (GCVE-0-2026-84428)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 10:24 – Updated: 2026-09-04 16:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fastify vulnerable to header validation bypass via incomplete schema case normalization
Summary
fastify versions before 5.12.2 implement the case-insensitive nature of HTTP header names by lowercasing names in a route's header schema before compiling it, but the transformation is incomplete: it lowercases the properties keys and the root-level required array, and does not lowercase the trigger and dependent names inside the JSON Schema Draft 7 dependencies keyword. Because Node stores request header names in lowercase, a canonical-case dependency such as requiring an authentication header whenever a privileged-mode header is present never matches, and the presence assertion is silently skipped. An unauthenticated remote client can therefore send the header that activates a privileged branch while omitting the header the dependency was meant to require, bypassing the conditional check. Users should upgrade to fastify 5.12.2 or later.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 16:04 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-84303 (GCVE-0-2026-84303)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 18:14 – Updated: 2026-09-02 19:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
gRPC-Go: xDS RBAC HTTP Filter bypass via mixed-case Header Matching and gRFC A41 validation evasion
Summary
gRPC-Go is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Prior to 1.83.1, the xDS RBAC HTTP filter in internal/xds/httpfilter/rbac/rbac.go does not lowercase header matcher names in normalizeHeaderMatcher even though incoming metadata keys are lowercase. A DENY policy using a mixed-case name such as X-Role or User-Agent therefore does not match and fails open, allowing requests that should be rejected. The same case mismatch permits :Scheme or Grpc-Status to evade gRFC A41 validation and prevents Host from being rewritten to :authority. This issue is fixed in version 1.83.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 19:14 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/9332 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/pull/9335 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/commit/db9482836c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/commit/ebba6f3f1b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/releases/tag/v1.83.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-83612 (GCVE-0-2026-83612)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:36 – Updated: 2026-09-01 15:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
xmldom: HTML raw-text closing-tag case mismatch causes output amplification
Summary
xmldom is a pure JavaScript W3C standard-based (XML DOM Level 2 Core) DOMParser and XMLSerializer module. From 0.9.0-beta.1 until 0.9.12, HTML-mode parsing through DOMParser.parseFromString() mishandles a mixed-case closing tag for the script, style, textarea, or title raw-text elements. parseHtmlSpecialContent, selected by isHTMLRawTextElement or isHTMLEscapableRawTextElement, uses a case-sensitive indexOf() and then calls substring() with a missing-close result of negative one, causing unstable parser progression and quadratic output amplification. A small untrusted text/html document can consequently consume disproportionate CPU and memory when parsed and serialized. This issue is fixed in @xmldom/xmldom version 0.9.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:29 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/pull/1071 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/commit/7ced40c06… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xmldom/xmldom/releases/tag/0.9.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-82726 (GCVE-0-2026-82726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 03:05 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AshPhoenix get_subdomain maps a crafted or differently-cased Host header to an arbitrary tenant
Summary
Permissive Regular Expression vulnerability in ash-project ash_phoenix lets a remote client select the tenant an Ash application uses, or degrade the request, by sending a crafted Host header.
AshPhoenix.Helpers.get_subdomain/2 stripped the root domain with String.replace(host, ~r/.?#{root_host}/, ""). The root host was interpolated raw, so each . became a wildcard and any metacharacter a pattern, and the replace was global and unanchored, so a match was removed from anywhere in the string. With root_host example.com, Host: foo.exampleXcom.attacker.net returned the tenant foo.attacker.net. A metacharacter-bearing or nil root host degraded the pattern or raised on every request. The comparison was also case-sensitive, so TENANT.EXAMPLE.COM and EXAMPLE.COM slipped past the root-host allowlist. conn.host comes from the client Host header. The fix matches the root host case-insensitively and only as an exact trailing suffix.
This issue affects ash_phoenix: from 2.1.26 before 2.3.25.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 14:47 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_phoenix/securi… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-82726.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-82726 | related |
| https://github.com/ash-project/ash_phoenix/commit… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ash-project | ash_phoenix |
Affected:
2.1.26 , < 2.3.25
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_phoenix:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| ash-project | ash_phoenix |
Affected:
9a5ea4d377bc263de321d79574872a3dfc4fb541 , < 8306f29e77526840c89f3cd244996ce7c0fa2cda
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:ash-project:ash_phoenix:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-82067 (GCVE-0-2026-82067)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 16:12 – Updated: 2026-09-08 17:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Case Sensitivity Handling in MongoDB Server Configuration Validation May Cause Authorization to Remain Disabled at Startup
Summary
Improper handling of case sensitivity in the configuration validation component of MongoDB Server may cause the authorization subsystem to remain in a default disabled state during server startup. An unauthenticated user with network access to a deployment where this condition occurs can perform arbitrary administrative operations, resulting in full impact of data confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 17:54 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MongoDB | MongoDB Server |
Affected:
8.3.0 , < 8.3.9
(semver)
Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.0.30 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.41 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-77560 (GCVE-0-2026-77560)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 16:39 – Updated: 2026-09-21 20:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyauth: forward-auth per-app ACL is matched case-sensitively against the (case-insensitive) hostname, letting an authenticated user reach apps they are not on the allowlist for
Summary
Tinyauth is an authentication and authorization server. Prior to 5.1.2, Tinyauth compares forwarded hostnames case-sensitively while reverse proxies route equivalent hostnames case-insensitively, allowing an authenticated low-privilege user to bypass per-app access controls with a differently cased hostname. The lookup in internal/service/access_controls_service.go through lookupStaticACLs and GetAccessControls, and the Docker-label fallback in internal/service/docker_service.go through GetLabels, can miss the configured app and return an empty access-control object. internal/controller/proxy_controller.go proxyHandler then treats the empty user, group, OAuth, LDAP, and IP restrictions as permissive and returns an authenticated result for an app that should exclude the user. Unauthenticated users remain subject to login, and global login-time allowlists are not bypassed. This issue is fixed in version 5.1.2.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 20:05 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/pull/1000 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/pull/1028 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/commit/80… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/commit/e7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tinyauthapp/tinyauth/releases/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tinyauthapp | tinyauth |
Affected:
< 5.1.2
|
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CVE-2026-77281 (GCVE-0-2026-77281)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 21:04 – Updated: 2026-09-18 14:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: rewrite placeholder re-expansion
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. In version 2.11.3 and earlier, three configuration-dependent weaknesses affect the handler and placeholder layer. In modules/caddyhttp/rewrite/rewrite.go, Rewrite.Rewrite() can pass attacker-controlled replacement bytes through buildQueryString for a second placeholder expansion when a rewrite URI ends with a literal question mark, allowing injected environment or request-variable placeholders to disclose data and, when the file provider is registered, allowing injected file placeholders to disclose readable files. The issue is fixed in version 2.11.4.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 14:39 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/7761 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/commit/176b0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.4
|
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CVE-2026-73476 (GCVE-0-2026-73476)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 12:32 – Updated: 2026-09-02 18:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
External Authentication - Moderately critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2026-098
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Drupal External Authentication allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects External Authentication versions: from 0.0.0 to 2.0.13.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 18:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drupal | External Authentication |
Affected:
0.0.0 , < 2.0.13
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-08-12 17:56
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CVE-2026-73416 (GCVE-0-2026-73416)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 22:04 – Updated: 2026-08-17 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
jupyterlab: PyPI extension blocklist package-name canonicalization bypass
Summary
jupyterlab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. From 4.5.0 until 4.5.10 and 4.6.2, in jupyterlab/extensions/manager.py and jupyterlab/extensions/pypi.py, JupyterLab's PyPI extension manager enforces blocked_extensions_uris by comparing requested install names to blocklist entries with custom normalization that is weaker than PyPI package-name canonicalization. An authenticated user can request a PyPI-equivalent spelling such as JupyterLab.Git for a blocklisted package such as jupyterlab-git, and JupyterLab accepts the install request even though pip resolves the variant to the same package. Security impact requires an allowlist or blocklist intended to restrict package installation, the PyPI Extension Manager, and kernels and terminals that are disabled or delegated to remote hosts. The bypass lets an authenticated user install a prohibited extension, defeat integrity restrictions, and affect availability without gaining new read access. This issue is fixed in versions 4.5.10 and 4.6.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 17:16 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19184 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19185 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19186 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/9… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/f… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyterlab | jupyterlab |
Affected:
>= 4.5.0, < 4.5.10
Affected: >= 4.6.0, < 4.6.2 |
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"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-178",
"description": "CWE-178: Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-180",
"description": "CWE-180: Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-13T22:04:26.603Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/security/advisories/GHSA-89vp-jrxv-24w8",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/security/advisories/GHSA-89vp-jrxv-24w8"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19184",
"tags": [
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{
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19185"
},
{
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/pull/19186"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/9365f020baec5221deaf11535ed554c06637c999",
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/9365f020baec5221deaf11535ed554c06637c999"
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{
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/commit/f1beab4a2027af4719d6edc07d52d6cf5a39a432"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.5.10",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.5.10"
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{
"name": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.6.2",
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{
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"url": "https://github.com/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/releases/tag/v4.7.0a1"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-89vp-jrxv-24w8",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "jupyterlab: PyPI extension blocklist package-name canonicalization bypass"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-73416",
"datePublished": "2026-08-13T22:04:26.603Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-12T14:32:11.795Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T17:17:59.508Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.